When judges are given flexibility to consider the full merits of each case, they are likely to impose stiff penalties for serious offenses, but will distinguish these from cases in which the defendant is less culpable or less of a threat to public safety.

Many lifers, ... are kept in prison long after they represent a public safety threat.

Policymakers would be wise to reconsider the wisdom of current sentencing and drug policies, both to avoid expensive incarceration costs and to invest in more productive prevention and treatment approaches to crime.

Racist or not, the end result is certainly a racist one.