We report for the first time the ability to monitor single immune cells in a live animal using MRI. This could revolutionize the management of transplant patients.

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We used MRI to visualize individual macrophages. By tracking single cells, we also were able to observe, for the first time, that rejection progresses from the outside of the heart to the inside. Up to now, this phenomenon hasn't been observed in pre-clinical or clinical research because biopsy samples are very limited in location and size.

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We now can visualize non-invasively and with sensitivity individual cells and their movement to targeted sites. Our new approach offers almost unlimited potential for monitoring cell therapies, such as those using stem cells, and for tracking cellular and developmental processes.

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