There are a number of treaties made around the country, principally in the Great Lakes region and the Pacific Northwest, where Indians sold their lands to the United States but reserved rights to hunt and fish on the lands that they ceded.

In the late 19th and early 20th century, many states began to regulate fish and game harvests, and they gave great priority to sport hunting and sport fishing. They set very short seasons, they restricted the kind of gear that could be used and that interfered with Indian subsistence patterns that had been going on for centuries.